Aminu Shehu Zagga1., Bala Zaki Tambuwal2., Umar Garba3., Murtala Alhaji Bello1, Bello Muhammad Achida4 and 5Abubakar Bashir Bande
1,4Department of Physics Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria.
2Departemt of Geography Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto Nigeria
3Department of Chemistry Shehu Shagari University of Education, Sokoto Nigeria
4 Shehu Shagari College of Education Staff Secondary School Sokoto, Nigeria
5Department of Physics Federal College of Education Gidan Madi, Sokoto, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s Email: aminuzagga23@gmail.com, doi.org/10.55639/607.02010014
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem which leads to fatalities worldwide, particularly in Africa. The aim of this research is to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antibacterial properties of Senegalia macrostachya seed extracts. Five hundred grams (500g) of the seed powder of Senegalia macrostachya were extracted with 2.5 liters of solvents sequentially (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The solvent were evaporated at 45oC with rotary evaporator. The potential of Senegalia macrostachya seeds’ phytochemical composition as sources of alternative medicines and for industrial uses were evaluated using the standard procedure for phytochemical assessment. Agar well diffusion methods were used for antibacterial properties evaluation. The results from this study show yields of 27.23 ± 0.05 g (5.45 ± 0.012,), 15.22 ± 0.02g (3.04 ± 0.004 %), and 99.26 ± 0.01 g (19.85 ± 0.002 %) for hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. The phytochemical composition shows tannins, Flavonoids, glycosides, Saponins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycoside and saponin glycoside in both the three extracts. Extracts inhibited the growth of bacterial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriea, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli in the range (10.21 ± 0.32 – 28.25 ± 0.24 mm). The lowest MIC and MBC values were calculated for the extracts of Senegalia macrostachya seeds against both microorganisms tested; 0.025 mg/mL for E. coli, S. typhi, 0.05 mg/mL for S. aureus, S. dysenteriea (methanol extracts), 0.025mg/mL for S. aureus, S. typhi and E. coli (ethyl acetate extract), 0.025mg/mL for E. coli, 0.05mg/mL S. aureus, S. typhi and 0.1mg/mL S. dysenteriea. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extracts of Senegalia macrostachya seed were significantly higher (higher mean diameters of inhibition zones) than those of methanol and hexane (p<0.05), and ethyl acetate extracts gave the highest antibacterial effects. Based on the results obtained, Senegalia macrosatchya was seen to have an antibacterial effect against the tested bacterial isolates and therefore could be used for treatment of microorganisms to overcome the problem of antimicrobial resistance.
Keywords:
Phytochemical,
Antibacterial,
Senegalia
macrostachya,
Hexane,
Ethyl acetate