Acute Toxicity and Antidiabetic Study of Anogeissus Leiocarpus (Dc.) Guill. and Perr. (Combretaceae) Ethanol Stem Bark Extract

1Sodipo, O.A., 2Dauda, J., *3Yakubu, J. and 4Wampana, B

1Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri,
3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
4Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: jamesyakubu96@gmail.com, doi.org/10.55639/607.161514


ABSTRACT

Anogeissus leiocarpus is a medicinal plant used locally for its anti-microbial, anti-helminthic including anti-diabetic effect among others. The research aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and anti-diabetic effect of the stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus against alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The fresh stem bark of the plant which was extracted using ethanol by reflux extraction method was screened for phytochemicals, determines its median lethal dose (LD50) and evaluated for its anti-diabetic potential on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats using standard protocols. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, tannins and cardenolides. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 were 3,807 mg/kg and 1,265 mg/kg respectively. The extract at doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg exert insignificant percentage (%) inhibition of hyperglycaemia when compared with insulin at 0.75 units/kg exert significant percentage (%) inhibition of hyperglycaemia at 78.68 %. The ethanol stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus does not imply any significant anti-diabetic.

Keywords:

Medicinal Plants,
Phytochemicals,
Diabetes Mellitus,
Extract