Mohammed Ahmed1, and Usman N Gadzama 2.
1Department of Fisheries, University of Maiduguri
2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maiduguri.
*Corresponding author’s Email: Muhammada889@gmail.com, doi.org/10.55639/607.special.012
ABSTRACT
Malaria is a tropical disease associated with over 400,000 annual mortality globally. The burden of malaria remains high in Nigeria. Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a growing concern in many countries which requires immediate attention. The emergence of Pyrethroid resistance on Anopheles gambiae has become a serious concern to the future success of malaria control. It is, therefore, crucial to monitor the level and type of insecticide resistance in An. gambiae, where reduced efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and IRS has previously been reported. Anopheles larvae were collected from breeding sites and they were fed with Cabin biscuits until they emerge as adults. The adults were further fed with 10% sugar solution. Bioassay were performed on female Anopheles Mosquitoes and their susceptibility to insecticide-impregnated papers (0.75%Permethrin, 0.05%Delthamethrin, and 0.05%Alphacypermethrin) following WHO guidelines were determine. Morphological identification was conducted by adopting Coeetzes’ method of identification. Bioassay mortality decreased for all the insecticides that were tested in Sites A, B and C. The mortality rate for Permethrin ranged from 75% to 90%, Deltamethrin and Alphacypermethrin showing similarly lower rates, all below the WHO grading scale of ≥98% for susceptibility to base line insecticides. Synergist bioassay enhanced the efficacy of Permethrin and Alphacypermethrin, restoring susceptibility, but Deltamethrin resistance persisted with mortality of 97% below WHO grading scale in site A. This study showed that, resistance to Permethrin and Aplpha-cypermethrin in An. gambiae populations were evident, which is aligned with metabolic enzymes resistance. Notwithstanding, this study suggest the use of Permethrin and Alphacypermethrin in combination with Piperonyl butoxide. Molecular approach should be employed to determine exact resistance on Anopheles gambiae.
KEYWORDS
Malaria,
Vector,
Insecticide,
Breeding.
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