1Zainab Mustapha, 1Zara Zanna Shettima, 1Zainab, Mohammed Kolo, 2Mustapha B. Abubakar, 3Falmata Kyari and 2Yasheruram M. Shettima
1Department of Biological Sciences, Kashim ibrahim University, Maiduguri, Nigeria
2Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
3Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
*Corresponding author’s Email: zainabmustapha380@gmail.com, doi.org/10.55639/607.020100115
ABSTRACT
Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in many rural communities in Nigeria where access to safe water and sanitation is limited. This study determined the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and evaluated associated risk factors among residents of Mandarari Village, Konduga Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 participants of different age groups and both sexes. Demographic and exposure data were collected using structured questionnaires. Urine samples were screened for haematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips and examined microscopically for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the centrifugation sedimentation technique. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Microscopy confirmed S. haematobium infection in 53 participants, giving an overall prevalence of 17.67%. Haematuria was detected in 54.67% of participants, proteinuria in 43.00%, and both abnormalities in 32.33%. Males had a significantly higher prevalence than females (24.83% vs. 10.59%; χ² = 10.45, p = 0.001). Participants aged 20-29 years were at significantly higher risk of infection (OR = 4.61, 95% CI: 1.45 14.62, p = 0.009). Prevalence varied across locations, with B3ri recording the highest rate (37.03%). Fishermen (33.3%) and farmers (26.9%) had the highest occupational prevalence, although occupation was not significantly associated with infection (p = 0.667). The findings show that urinary schistosomiasis is moderately endemic in Mandarari Village and remains an important public health concern. Regular mass treatment with praziquantel, improved access to safe water, health education, and targeted interventions in high-risk areas are recommended to reduce transmission and prevent long-term complications.
KEYWORDS
Urinary
schistosomiasis,
S. haematobium,
Haematuria,
Prevalence.

